Social and Historical Background Essay Example for Free

Social and Historical Background Essay Dickens was born in Portsmouth, and his father was a naval clerk. Dickens had a rough upbringing, which tormented him and gave him bitterness towards life. At the age of 12 his father was arrested for being in debt and sentenced to imprisonment. This influenced him into writing novels, because he didnt want the same life as his father. Dickens learns about the poor side of London, by visiting it and meeting poor children, this inspired him to write articles about the labour laws and conditions of poor children Later on in life, Dickens wrote many novels expressing his feelings, about the publics ignorance about the corruption within society, especially unnecessary suffering and greed. He was extremely successful and wrote many novels. Great expectations was Charles Dickenss self-portrait, it expresses himself and shows how he has been mistreated in his own life. The character Pip reflects in some ways based on Dickens. Dickens has made several endings to his novel. This shows that he is writing his book only to please the audience. The only difference is that Pip at the end of the novel, becomes self fulfilled, realising that there is more to life than being a gentleman, and finally becoming happy and looses his Great Expectations. Background on PIP Pip grew up in two places, the forge and satis house. In the forge Pip is reared by his sister and her gentle husband Joe Gargery, the village blacksmith. His sister beats him daily, trying to teach him morals, but mostly because she despises him. Pips mother and father are dead and so his sister is forced to look after him. Pip is a common poor boy who spends his days helping Joe. One day while visiting the graveyard, where his mother and father are buried, Pip meets an escaped convict who demands food and a file, to break his chains. Fearing for his life, Pip complies. Little does he know that this terrifying act of kindness will affect the entire course of his life. From an early age pip wants to be able to read and write. After this Pip is called upon by Miss Havisham, who has been deserted by her future husband on their wedding day. Miss Havisham feels destroyed by this and is planning to have her revenge on the male sex. She has adopted a daughter, who she is rearing to wreak her revenge, unfortunately Pip is the prime target. After meeting and being demeaned, because of his clothes and wealth, by Miss Havisham and Estella, he begins to envy the rich and longs to become a gentle man. Then Pip falls in love with Estella, but at the same time Miss Havisham is psychologically torturing him. He becomes ashamed of his house and upbringing. Pip expected Satis House to be great and help him on his quest to become a gentleman, but unfortunately this wasnt the case, his poor home upbringing did him more good, which later Pip realises.

Semiconductors: The Silicon Chip Essay examples -- science

Semiconductors: The Silicon Chip Silicon is the raw material most often used in integrated circuit (IC) fabrication. It is the second most abundant substance on the earth. It is extracted from rocks and common beach sand and put through an exhaustive purification process. In this form, silicon is the purist industrial substance that man produces, with impurities comprising less than one part in a billion. That is the equivalent of one tennis ball in a string of golf balls stretching from the earth to the moon. Semiconductors are usually materials which have energy-band gaps smaller than 2eV. An important property of semiconductors is the ability to change their resistivity over several orders of magnitude by doping. Semiconductors have electrical resistivities between 10-5 and 107 ohms. Semiconductors can be crystalline or amorphous. Elemental semiconductors are simple-element semiconductor materials such as silicon or germanium. Silicon is the most common semiconductor material used today. It is used for diodes, transistors, integrated circuits, memories, infrared detection and lenses, light-emitting diodes (LED), photosensors, strain gages, solar cells, charge transfer devices, radiation detectors and a variety of other devices. Silicon belongs to the group IV in the periodic table. It is a grey brittle material with a diamond cubic structure. Silicon is conventionally doped with Phosphorus, Arsenic and Antimony and Boron, Aluminum, and Gallium acceptors. The energy gap of silicon is 1.1 eV. This value permits the operation of silicon semiconductors devices at higher temperatures than germanium. Now I will give you some brief history of the evolution of electronics which will help you understand more about semiconductors and the silicon chip. In the early 1900’s before integrated circuits and silicon chips were invented, computers and radios were made with vacuum tubes. The vacuum tube was invented in 1906 by Dr.Lee DeForest. Throughout the first half of the 20th century, vacuum tubes were used to conduct, modulate and amplify electrical signals. They made possible a variety of new products including the radio and the computer. However vacuum tubes had some inherent problems. They were bulky, delicate and expensive, consumed a great deal of power, took time to warm up, got very hot, and eventually burned out. The first digital computer c... ..., the second mask pattern is exposed to the wafer, and the oxide is etched away to reveal new diffusion areas. The process is repeated for every mask - as many as 18 - needed to create a particular IC. Of critical importance here is the precise alignment of each mask over the wafer surface. It is out of alignment more than a fraction of a micrometer (one-millionth of a meter), the entire wafer is useless. During the last diffusion a layer of oxide is again grown over the water. Most of this oxide layer is left on the wafer to serve as an electrical insulator, and only small openings are etched through the oxide to expose circuit contact areas. To interconnect these areas, a thin layer of metal (usually aluminum) is deposited over the entire surface. The metal dips down into the circuit contact areas, touching the silicon. Most of the surface metal is then etched away, leaving an interconnection pattern between the circuit elements. The final layer is "vapox", or vapour-deposited- oxide, a glass-like material that protects the IC from contamination and damage. It, too, is etched away, but only above the "bonding pads", the square aluminum areas to which wires will later be attached. Semiconductors: The Silicon Chip Essay examples -- science Semiconductors: The Silicon Chip Silicon is the raw material most often used in integrated circuit (IC) fabrication. It is the second most abundant substance on the earth. It is extracted from rocks and common beach sand and put through an exhaustive purification process. In this form, silicon is the purist industrial substance that man produces, with impurities comprising less than one part in a billion. That is the equivalent of one tennis ball in a string of golf balls stretching from the earth to the moon. Semiconductors are usually materials which have energy-band gaps smaller than 2eV. An important property of semiconductors is the ability to change their resistivity over several orders of magnitude by doping. Semiconductors have electrical resistivities between 10-5 and 107 ohms. Semiconductors can be crystalline or amorphous. Elemental semiconductors are simple-element semiconductor materials such as silicon or germanium. Silicon is the most common semiconductor material used today. It is used for diodes, transistors, integrated circuits, memories, infrared detection and lenses, light-emitting diodes (LED), photosensors, strain gages, solar cells, charge transfer devices, radiation detectors and a variety of other devices. Silicon belongs to the group IV in the periodic table. It is a grey brittle material with a diamond cubic structure. Silicon is conventionally doped with Phosphorus, Arsenic and Antimony and Boron, Aluminum, and Gallium acceptors. The energy gap of silicon is 1.1 eV. This value permits the operation of silicon semiconductors devices at higher temperatures than germanium. Now I will give you some brief history of the evolution of electronics which will help you understand more about semiconductors and the silicon chip. In the early 1900’s before integrated circuits and silicon chips were invented, computers and radios were made with vacuum tubes. The vacuum tube was invented in 1906 by Dr.Lee DeForest. Throughout the first half of the 20th century, vacuum tubes were used to conduct, modulate and amplify electrical signals. They made possible a variety of new products including the radio and the computer. However vacuum tubes had some inherent problems. They were bulky, delicate and expensive, consumed a great deal of power, took time to warm up, got very hot, and eventually burned out. The first digital computer c... ..., the second mask pattern is exposed to the wafer, and the oxide is etched away to reveal new diffusion areas. The process is repeated for every mask - as many as 18 - needed to create a particular IC. Of critical importance here is the precise alignment of each mask over the wafer surface. It is out of alignment more than a fraction of a micrometer (one-millionth of a meter), the entire wafer is useless. During the last diffusion a layer of oxide is again grown over the water. Most of this oxide layer is left on the wafer to serve as an electrical insulator, and only small openings are etched through the oxide to expose circuit contact areas. To interconnect these areas, a thin layer of metal (usually aluminum) is deposited over the entire surface. The metal dips down into the circuit contact areas, touching the silicon. Most of the surface metal is then etched away, leaving an interconnection pattern between the circuit elements. The final layer is "vapox", or vapour-deposited- oxide, a glass-like material that protects the IC from contamination and damage. It, too, is etched away, but only above the "bonding pads", the square aluminum areas to which wires will later be attached.

Bentton Group

From the book: Managerial Accounting for Managers by Noreen, Brewer, and Garrison Research and Application 5-34 The questions in this exercise are based on the Benetton Group, a company headquartered in Italy and known in the United States primarily for one of its brands of fashion apparel-United Colors of Benetton. To answer the questions, you will need to download the Benetton Group’s 2004 Annual Report at www. benetton. com/investors . You do not need to print this document to answer the questions. Required: 1. How do the formats of the income statements shown on pages 33 and 50 of Benetton’s annual report differ from one another (disregard everything beneath the line titled â€Å"income from operations†)? Which expenses shown on page 50 appear to have been reclassified as variable selling costs on page 33? 2. Why do you thing cost of sales is included in the computation of contribution margin on page 33? 3. Perform two separate computations of Benetton’s break-even point in euros. For the first computation, use data from 2003. For the second computation, use data from 2004. Why do the numbers that you computed differ from one another? 4. What sales volume would have been necessary in 2004 for Benetton to attain a target income from operations of â‚ ¬300 million? 5. Compute Benetton’s margin of safety using data from 2003 and 2004. Why do your answers for the two years differ from one another? 6. What is Benetton’s degree of operating leverage in 2004? If Benetton’s sales in 2004 had been 6% higher than what is shown in the annual report, what income from operations would the company have earned? What percentage increase in income from operations does this represent? 7. What income from operations would Benetton have earned in 2004 if it had invested an additional â‚ ¬10 million in advertising and promotions and realized a 3% increase in sales? As an alternative, what income from operations would Benetton have earned if it not only invested an additional â‚ ¬10 million in advertising and promotions but also raised its sales commission rate to 6% of sales, thereby generating a 5% increase in sales? Which of these two scenarios would have been preferable for Benetton? . Assume that total sales in 2004 remained unchanged at â‚ ¬1,686 million (as shown on pages 33 and 50); however, the Casual sector sales were â‚ ¬1,554 million, the Sportswear and Equipment sector sales were â‚ ¬45million, and the Manufacturing and Other sector sales were â‚ ¬87 million. What income from operations would Benetton have earned with this sales mix? (Hint: look at pages 36 and 37 of the annual report. ) Why is the income from operations under this scenario different from what is shown in the annual report?

Improving Students With Math Difficulties - 1165 Words

Performing poorly in mathematics has dire future outcomes. This is particularly true for students. with math difficulties. â€Å"Good numeracy is essential in helping our children learn., As students, understanding information makes sense of statistics and economic news which is essential in today’s society. Decisions in life are often based on numerical information: to make the best choices, we need to be numerate†. Poor numeracy is a problem for students who struggle to use numbers. Numeracy complements literacy and is sometimes called ‘mathematical literacy. Teachers should apply a universal design for learning to mediate the language demands of mathematics. ( Reading Writing Quarterly, 31(3), 207-234). Communication is exchanging information using symbols, signs, and/or behavior (â€Å"Communication,† 2015), to evaluate their peers contributions. In their Research in practice book Stars Are Made Of Glass: Children as capable and creative communicators (2010), Leonie Arthur, Felicity McArdle and Marina Papic: and provide valuable definitions by examples of the elements that comprise ‘numeracy’: (p. 7) Spatial understandings include two and three-dimensional shapes, position (under, over), location (near, far) and orientation (turn, roll). (p. 7). Measurement understandings include concepts such as height, length, mass and temperature. (p. 8) Predicting and estimating involve using ‘data’ or information to suggest, for example, which object will be fastest, or which will sink.Show MoreRelatedEffective Reading Interventions For Kids With Learning Disabilities1404 Words   |  6 Pagesimprove the learning capabilities of students with learning deficits. Throughout this essay, different topics will be discussed on how improve and increase word recognition skills will benefit a child with learning disabilities, different ways to improve reading comprehension skills, and personal viewpoints on how these diff erent methods are effective. In this article, Swanson discusses how improving and increasing word recognition skills can be beneficial to students with learning disabilities. AlsoRead MoreTeaching Should Be Supportive And Demanding1175 Words   |  5 Pages Each learner with dyslexia will present very differently. They may not all have all of the difficulties described above, they may not have half of difficulties described above, but he/she will have difficulties that interfere enough with their academic career/life such that they will need treatment. A complete evaluation is essential. An appropriate diagnosis evaluation should include: a physical, an ability test, language development tests (oral and written, expressive and receptive), a historyRead MoreThe Importance Of Education In Education728 Words   |  3 PagesWhile the school district saw slim gains of 0.55 percentage point in ELA and 1.86 percentage points in math from 2016 to 2017 as measured through SBAC testing, our partner schools for the Full- Service Community Schools grant surpassed the districts gains in the same time period (gain of 4 percentage points in ELA and 2 percentage points in math). Alexandria Avenue Elementary and Virgil Middle experienced gains of 3 and 2 percentage points respectively in ELA from 2016 to 2017; while Lockwood AvenueRead MoreQuestions On Problem Solving Interventions Essay965 Words   |  4 Pagesof the Study †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5 Research Questions and Hypothesis 6 Limitations of the Study 6 Chapter 2: Literature Review 7 Reading Comprehension 7 Vocabulary Instruction 9 Graphic Organizers Plans 10 Other Visual Representations 12 Student Perspective 13 Summary 14 Statement of Hypothesis and Connection to Professional Setting†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...14 Chapter 3: Research Methodology 15 Overview of Research Methods 15 Proposed Research Design 15 Sampling Techniques 15 Participants 16 Data CollectionRead MoreImproving The Public High School System961 Words   |  4 PagesImproving the Public High School System Improving the public high school system is extremely important, especially in times like today their are many aspects to the public school system today that are flawed some of which being the achievement gap in students, and the confidence, interest and motivation that students are lacking. Their are many ways that public high schools can improve their schools, many not even costing a penny. If public high school systems improve students will be more likelyRead MoreLesson for Children with Learning Disabilities1468 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Learning disability is a term misused severally. In essence, it applies to students who have different learning challenges. Most people associate learning disability to the development of a child, thus assuming that it is a short-term condition and disappears as the person matures. The accepted definition, provided by the National Adult Literacy and Learning Disability Center states that; learning disability is generic and refers to a composite group of disorders that become evidentRead MoreDesigning A Stronger Behavior Management System1633 Words   |  7 Pagesto create a stronger behavior management system in order to make the time dedicated to math each day more valuable. This inclusion classroom has a wide range of learners with varying ability levels. In math, there are four tiered groups with some students who are above grade level, some on grade level, and some who are two or three grade levels behind. This unit has rather abstract concepts that the students needed to build an understanding of, and in order to do that I needed to make sure to differentiateRead More Longer School Days Essay943 Words   |  4 Pageschildren to go to school early in the morning and stay there the whole day. On the other side, some professors try to force students into a nine hour school day. Not so many years ago, school was a main part of my life, and the school days’ structure and length affected my social life and ability to study. From my own experience and some studies that I have seen, students benefit if school days are long. Lengthened school days help to create a supportive environment for studying. AfterRead MoreWays to Improve the U.S. Education System836 Words   |  3 Pagesindustrialized nations in the world, students in many other industrialized nations are outperforming U.S. students in various academic areas. As a result, the U.S. has implemented standard-based reform, and its educational costs have soared. No longer are American graduates competing with each other for jobs, in the present global economy, they also are competing with graduates from other industrialized nations, many of whom are preforming at higher academic levels in reading, math, science, and problem solvingRead MoreWhy Are There So Few Women Of The Math And Science Professions? Essay1532 Words   |  7 PagesWhy are there so few women in the math and science professions? Sommers’ reviews the history of women’s involvement in science. In the nineteenth century, women’s accesses to education and opportunities for employment in science had greatly improved. (2009: 61) The systematic and differential filtration of women in STEM careers has received a great deal of attention from leading theorists and researchers who are trying to understand why women are not participating in STEM activities as compared